【持久化框架MyBatis3四】MyBatis3一对一关联查询

编程技术  /  houtizong 发布于 3年前   73

 

当两个实体具有1对1的对应关系时,可以使用One-To-One的进行映射关联查询

 

One-To-One示例数据

以学生表Student和地址信息表为例,每个学生都有都有1个唯一的地址(现实中,这种对应关系是不合适的,因为人和地址是多对一的关系),这里只是演示目的

 

学生表

 

CREATE TABLE STUDENTS (  STUD_ID INT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,  NAME VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,  EMAIL VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,  PHONE VARCHAR(15) DEFAULT NULL,    DOB DATE DEFAULT NULL,  GENDER VARCHAR(6) DEFAULT NULL,   BIO LONGTEXT DEFAULT NULL,  PIC BLOB DEFAULT NULL,  ADDR_ID INT(11) DEFAULT NULL,   PRIMARY KEY (STUD_ID),  UNIQUE KEY UK_EMAIL (EMAIL),  CONSTRAINT FK_STUDENTS_ADDR FOREIGN KEY (ADDR_ID) REFERENCES ADDRESSES (ADDR_ID)) ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=UTF-8;

 

地址表:

 

CREATE TABLE ADDRESSES (  ADDR_ID INT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,  STREET VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,  CITY VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,  STATE VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,  ZIP VARCHAR(10) DEFAULT NULL,  COUNTRY VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,  PRIMARY KEY (ADDR_ID)) ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=UTF-8;

 

样例数据:

 

 

INSERT INTO ADDRESSES (ADDR_ID,STREET,CITY,STATE,ZIP,COUNTRY) VALUES  (1,'4891 Pacific Hwy','San Diego','CA','92110','San Diego'), (2,'2400 N Jefferson St','Perry','FL','32347','Taylor'), (3,'710 N Cable Rd','Lima','OH','45825','Allen'), (4,'5108 W Gore Blvd','Lawton','OK','32365','Comanche');-- Sample data for table STUDENTSINSERT INTO STUDENTS (STUD_ID,NAME,EMAIL,PHONE,DOB,BIO,PIC,ADDR_ID) VALUES  (1,'Timothy','[email protected]','123-123-1234','1988-04-25',NULL,NULL,3), (2,'Douglas','[email protected]','789-456-1234','1990-08-15',NULL,NULL,4);

 

从上面的建表的sql中,可以看到,STUDENTS表通过外键ADDR_ID与ADDRESSES表建立1:1的映射关系

 

 

建立Address-Mapper.xml映射文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?><!DOCTYPE mapper  PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"  "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">  <mapper namespace="com.mybatis3.mappers.AddressMapper"><!--Address是在MyBatis主配置文件中定义的类型别名-->        <!--AddressResult这个resultMap对ADDRESSES表进行了SQL和Model的映射-->  <resultMap type="Address" id="AddressResult">  <id property="addrId" column="addr_id"/><result property="street" column="street"/><result property="city" column="city"/><result property="state" column="state"/><result property="zip" column="zip"/><result property="country" column="country"/>  </resultMap>  <!--查询指定的Address-->  <select id="selectAddressById" parameterType="int" resultMap="AddressResult">  select * from addresses where addr_id=#{addrId}  </select>  </mapper>

  

 建立Student-Mapper.xml映射文件

 

<mapper namespace="com.mybatis3.mappers.StudentMapper"><resultMap type="Student" id="StudentResult"><id property="studId" column="stud_id"/><result property="name" column="name" /><result property="email" column="email"/><result property="phone" column="phone"/></resultMap>    <resultMap type="Student" id="StudentWithAddressExtResult" extends="StudentResult"><result property="address.addrId" column="addr_id"/><result property="address.street" column="street"/><result property="address.city" column="city"/><result property="address.state" column="state"/><result property="address.zip" column="zip"/><result property="address.country" column="country"/></resultMap>  <resultMap type="Student" id="StudentWithAddressNestedSelect"><id property="studId" column="stud_id"/><result property="name" column="name"/><result property="email" column="email"/><association property="address" column="addr_id" select="com.mybatis3.mappers.AddressMapper.selectAddressById"/></resultMap><resultMap type="Student" id="StudentWithAddressNestedResultMap"><id property="studId" column="stud_id"/><result property="name" column="name"/><result property="email" column="email"/><association property="address" javaType="Address"><id property="addrId" column="addr_id"/><result property="street" column="street"/><result property="city" column="city"/><result property="state" column="state"/><result property="zip" column="zip"/><result property="country" column="country"/></association></resultMap><select id="findAllStudents" resultMap="StudentResult">    select * from Students  </select>        <select id="findStudentWithAddressExtResult" parameterType="int" resultMap="StudentWithAddressExtResult">            SELECT STUD_ID, NAME, EMAIL, PHONE, A.ADDR_ID, STREET, CITY,  STATE, ZIP, COUNTRY            FROM STUDENTS S LEFT OUTER JOIN ADDRESSES A ON S.ADDR_ID=A.ADDR_ID            WHERE STUD_ID=#{studId}        </select>    <select id="findStudentWithAddressNestedSelect" parameterType="int" resultMap="StudentWithAddressNestedSelect">    select * from Students where stud_id=#{studId}  </select>        <select id="findStudentWithAddressNestedResultMap" parameterType="int" resultMap="StudentWithAddressNestedResultMap">  select stud_id, name, email,phone, a.addr_id, street, city, state, zip, country  FROM students s left outer join addresses a on s.addr_id=a.addr_idwhere stud_id=#{studId}  </select>  </mapper>

 

三种One-To-One映射的写法

 从Student-Mapper.xml中,可以看到,One-To-One的映射关系可以有三种写法

findStudentWithAddressExtResultfindStudentWithAddressNestedSelectfindStudentWithAddressNestedResultMap 

 

One-To-One映射:使用resultMap扩展(不推荐,了解即可)

 

1. resultMap定义

 

<resultMap type="Student" id="StudentResult">  <!--定义Student表和Student之间的映射关系--><id property="studId" column="stud_id"/><result property="name" column="name" /><result property="email" column="email"/><result property="phone" column="phone"/></resultMap>    <resultMap type="Student" id="StudentWithAddressExtResult" extends="StudentResult"> <!--扩展Student表和Student之间的映射关系--><result property="address.addrId" column="addr_id"/> <!--property的写法使用.语法,类似OGNL表达式语言--><result property="address.street" column="street"/> <!--column从哪里来的?这是在SQL语句中定义--><result property="address.city" column="city"/><result property="address.state" column="state"/><result property="address.zip" column="zip"/><result property="address.country" column="country"/></resultMap>

 

2.SQL-Mapping定义

 

        <select id="findStudentWithAddressExtResult" parameterType="int" resultMap="StudentWithAddressExtResult">            SELECT STUD_ID, NAME, EMAIL, PHONE, A.ADDR_ID, STREET, CITY,  STATE, ZIP, COUNTRY            FROM STUDENTS S LEFT OUTER JOIN ADDRESSES A ON S.ADDR_ID=A.ADDR_ID            WHERE STUD_ID=#{studId}        </select>

 

在SQL-Mapping中定义了StudentWithAddressExtResult定义的列名,这里看出,列名的定义,可以不关心是来自哪个表,MyBatis只是将得到的列名与属性名进行匹配,这样就有个问题:假如Student表和Address表都有一个相同的列name,如下所示,那么如果为两个NAME设置对应的值?

 

        <select id="findStudentWithAddressExtResult" parameterType="int" resultMap="StudentWithAddressExtResult">            SELECT STUD_ID, NAME, EMAIL, PHONE, A.ADDR_ID, A.NAME, STREET, CITY,  STATE, ZIP, COUNTRY            FROM STUDENTS S LEFT OUTER JOIN ADDRESSES A ON S.ADDR_ID=A.ADDR_ID            WHERE STUD_ID=#{studId}        </select>

 

 

One-To-One映射:使用association + select属性(直观简洁,推荐用法)

1.resultMap定义

 

 <resultMap type="Student" id="StudentWithAddressNestedSelect"><id property="studId" column="stud_id"/><result property="name" column="name"/><result property="email" column="email"/><association property="address" column="addr_id" select="com.mybatis3.mappers.AddressMapper.selectAddressById"/></resultMap

2. association定义

    assocation用于MyBatis定义1对1的关联关系

<association property="address" column="addr_id" select="com.mybatis3.mappers.AddressMapper.selectAddressById"/>

  

   com.mybatis3.mappers.AddressMapper.selectAddressById是一个查询操作标识符,定义在Address-Mapper.xml中

 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?><!DOCTYPE mapper  PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"  "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">  <mapper namespace="com.mybatis3.mappers.AddressMapper">  <resultMap type="Address" id="AddressResult">  <id property="addrId" column="addr_id"/><result property="street" column="street"/><result property="city" column="city"/><result property="state" column="state"/><result property="zip" column="zip"/><result property="country" column="country"/>  </resultMap>    <select id="selectAddressById" parameterType="int" resultMap="AddressResult">  select * from addresses where addr_id=#{addrId}  </select>  </mapper>

 

3. SQL查询语句

 

    <select id="findStudentById" parameterType="int" resultMap="StudentWithAddressNestedSelect">    select * from STUDENTS where stud_id=#{studId}    </select>

 

 

 

One-To-One映射:使用association内部定义映射(无法重用,不推荐)

 

 1. resultMap定义

 

<resultMap type="Student" id="StudentWithAddressNestedResultMap"><id property="studId" column="stud_id"/><result property="name" column="name"/><result property="email" column="email"/><association property="address" javaType="Address"><id property="addrId" column="addr_id"/><result property="street" column="street"/><result property="city" column="city"/><result property="state" column="state"/><result property="zip" column="zip"/><result property="country" column="country"/></association></resultMap>

 

 2. assocation内部定义映射关系,javaType的Address是一个类型别名,引用了Address类

 

<association property="address" javaType="Address"><id property="addrId" column="addr_id"/><result property="street" column="street"/><result property="city" column="city"/><result property="state" column="state"/><result property="zip" column="zip"/><result property="country" column="country"/></association>

 

3. SQL语句的写法:

 

    <select id="selectStudentWithAddress" parameterType="int" resultMap="StudentWithAddressNestedResultMap">  select stud_id, name, email,phone, a.addr_id, street, city, state, zip, country  FROM STUDENTS s left outer join ADDRESSES a on s.addr_id=a.addr_idwhere stud_id=#{studId}  </select>

 

懒加载配置

要在第二种方式(assocation+select的方式)使用懒加载的方式,需要在MyBatis的主配置文件中配置懒加载选项:

 

<settings> <setting name="lazyLoadingEnabled" value="true"/> <setting name="aggressiveLazyLoading" value="false"/></settings> 

 

 

总结

 

1. 实现1对1映射的三种方式

 

  • resultMap继承, join查询,不能懒加载
  • assocation+select, 简单查询(N+1),可以懒加载
  • assocation+内嵌的resultMap映射,join查询,不能懒加载

2. 实际工作中,尽量使用assocation+select,加懒加载的方式

3. 工作中,数据库设计的不是那么的严格,比如不设置外键;对于这种关联关系的查询,使用多次的查询,每次执行简单语句,这是Bad Practices

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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